Was founded by decree of the Parliament of the first Republic of Armenia together with the Art Gallery of Armenia. It was opened to the public on August 20, 1921. The museum was created based on the collections of the Armenian Ethnographic Society of the Caucasus, the Museum of Armenian Antiquities of New Nakhichevan, the Ani Ancient Museum, the Vagharshapat Matenadaran (15 289 items of storage). The museum presents objects of material culture discovered on the territory of Armenia and related to the periods from the Stone Age to the end of the 19th century